为探究核心产区酸枣〔Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow〕种子转录水平差异，挖掘其药效成分（斯皮诺素、酸枣仁皂苷A和B）合成通路中的关键基因，采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射（HPLC-ELSD）技术测定了邢台、朝阳、济南3个产区酸枣种子药效成分含量，并对3个产区的差异表达基因进行了转录组分析。结果表明：朝阳酸枣种子的斯皮诺素含量最高（1.221 0 g·kg^-1），邢台酸枣种子的酸枣仁皂苷A和B含量最高（分别为0.991 0和0.242 1 g·kg^-1）。转录组测序共获得57.64 Gb clean data，邢台-朝阳、邢台-济南、朝阳-济南3个比较组分别鉴定出25 767、24 958、7 342个差异表达基因。GO功能富集分析结果显示：邢台-朝阳和朝阳-济南组均显著富集到分子功能中的氧化还原酶活性（作用于成对供体，同时引入或还原分子氧）、单加氧酶活性、铁离子结合、血红素结合条目，邢台-朝阳和邢台-济南组均显著富集到生物过程和细胞组分中与光合作用相关的条目。KEGG通路富集分析发现3个比较组均显著富集到苯丙烷类生物合成，光合作用，α-亚麻酸代谢及甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢等通路。斯皮诺素及酸枣仁皂苷A和B合成途径分别注释到48和37个差异表达基因。加权基因共表达网络分析识别到10个基因共表达模块，并筛选出2个与斯皮诺素含量密切相关的特异性模块。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示：PAL、4CL、C4H、HMGCR、HMGCS、SQE 6个关键差异表达基因在3个产区的表达趋势与转录组测序结果一致。综合分析得出，朝阳酸枣种子的斯皮诺素含量较高可能与氧化还原相关因子调控有关；邢台酸枣种子的酸枣仁皂苷A和B大量积累，可能与萜类合成通路中限速酶基因HMGCS和HMGCR的高表达密切相关。

To investigate the transcriptional level differences in seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow from core producing regions and identify key genes involved in the biosynthesis pathways of its medicinal components (spinosin, jujuboside A, and jujuboside B), the contents of these medicinal components in seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa from three producing regions namely Xingtai, Chaoyang, and Jinan were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) technology, and transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three producing regions was performed. The results show that spinosin content is the highest in seeds of Z.  jujuba var. spinosa from Chaoyang (1.221 0 g·kg^-1), while contents of jujuboside A and jujuboside B are the highest in seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa from Xingtai (which are 0.991 0 and 0.242 1 g·kg^-1, respectively). Transcriptome sequencing generates a total of 57.64 Gb of clean data, and 25 767, 24 958, and 7 342 DEGs are identified in the comparison groups of Xingtai-Chaoyang, Xingtai-Jinan, and Chaoyang-Jinan, respectively. The GO functional enrichment analysis result shows that both Xingtai-Chaoyang and Chaoyang-Jinan groups are significantly enriched in molecular function terms such as oxidoreductase activity (acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen), monooxygenase activity, and iron ion binding and heme binding; while both Xingtai-Chaoyang and XingtaiJinan groups are significantly enriched in photosynthesis-related terms within biological process and cellular component. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis result reveals that all three comparison groups are significantly enriched in pathways including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolisms. A total of 48 and 37 DEGs are annotated in the biosynthesis pathways of spinosyn, jujuboside A, and jujuboside B, respectively. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis  identifies ten gene co-expression modules, and two specific modules showing close correlations with spinosin content are screened out. The results of realtime fluorescence quantification PCR show that the expression tendency among the three producing regions of six key DEGs (PAL, 4CL, C4H, HMGCR, HMGCS, and SQE) are consistent with  the results of  transcriptome sequencing. Comprehensive analysis indicates that, the relatively high spinosin content in seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa from Chaoyang may be related to the regulation of redox-related factors; the large accumulation of jujubosides A and B in seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa from Xingtai may be closely related to the high expressions of the rate-limiting enzyme genes HMGCS and HMGCR in terpenoids biosynthesis pathway.