为探究濒危植物海南紫荆木（Madhuca hainanensis Chun et F. C. How）的种群结构与动态特征，以海南岛尖峰岭林区内天然分布的海南紫荆木种群为研究对象，在充分野外调查的基础上，基于胸径（DBH）分析了种群的年龄结构，并分析了种群的动态指数、静态生命表、存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、生存力和空间分布格局。结果表明：Ⅱ级（2.5 cm≤DBH<7.5 cm）和Ⅲ级（7.5 cm≤DBH<12.5 cm）个体数明显多于其他径级，Ⅴ级（17.5 cm≤DBH<22.5 cm）和Ⅵ级（22.5 cm≤DBH<27.5 cm）个体数较多。从种群动态指数看，该海南紫荆木种群呈现“衰退—增长—衰退”的动态变化趋势；忽略外界干扰时的种群动态指数（Vpi）和考虑外界干扰时的种群动态指数（Vpi′）分别为17.86%和0.44%，种群对外界随机干扰所承担的最大风险概率（Pmax）为2.78%，说明该种群呈增长趋势，且对外界随机干扰的敏感性强。该种群的生命期望随着径级增大而降低，且存活曲线趋近于Deevey-Ⅱ型。种群的死亡率和消失率整体上随径级增大而升高，而存活个体数量则随着径级增大而减少。生存力分析结果显示：该种群在幼龄期易受到外界的影响，并在生长中后期面临较高的死亡风险，种群生存力较低。另外，从空间分布格局看，该种群呈聚集分布。综上所述，海南岛尖峰岭林区的海南紫荆木种群缺少幼苗个体，种群稳定性较差，易受外界干扰，建议通过原地保护、扩繁及人工补植幼苗等方式实现种群更新和恢复。

To investigate the population structure and dynamic characteristics of the endangered plant Madhuca hainanensis Chun et F. C. How, the population of M. hainanensis naturally distributed in Jianfengling forest area of Hainan Island, China was taken as the research object. Based on sufficient field investigations, the age structure of the population was analyzed using diameter at breast height (DBH). Furthermore, the population dynamic indexes, static life table, survival curve, mortality rate curve, disappearance rate curve, viability, and spatial distribution pattern were analyzed. The results show that the number of individuals in class Ⅱ (2.5 cm≤DBH<7.5 cm) and class Ⅲ (7.5 cm≤DBH<12.5 cm) is significantly higher than that in other diameter classes, that in class Ⅴ (17.5 cm≤DBH<22.5 cm) and class Ⅵ (22.5 cm≤DBH<27.5 cm) is relatively high. In terms of population dynamic indexes, the population of M. hainanensis exhibits a dynamic trend of “decline-growth-decline”. The population dynamic index without considering external disturbance (Vpi) and that considering external disturbance (Vpi′) are 17.86% and 0.44%, respectively. The maximum risk probability of the population to external random disturbance (Pmax) is 2.78%, indicating that the population is in a growth trend and extremely sensitive to external random disturbance. The life expectancy of the population decreases with the increase of diameter class, and the survival curve approaches Deevey-Ⅱ type. The mortality rate and disappearance rate of the population generally increase with the increase of diameter class, while the number of surviving individuals decreases with the increase of diameter class. Viability analysis results show that the population is vulnerable to external disturbance in its juvenile stage, and faces relatively high mortality risks in the mid-to-late growth stages, so the population viability is relatively low. Additionally, the population exhibits an aggregated distribution from the perspective of spatial distribution pattern. In summary, the population of M. hainanensis in Jianfengling forest area of Hainan Island lacks juvenile individuals, has a poor population stability, and is susceptible to external disturbance. It is recommended to promote population renewal and restoration by in situ conservation, expanding propagation, artificial planting of seedlings, etc.