为提高高粱〔Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench〕种质资源的利用率，以319份高粱材料为研究对象，结合相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法，对17个表型性状进行了综合评定。结果表明：供试高粱材料17个表型性状的变异系数介于2.53%～78.69%之间，均值为27.54%，其中，株高、穗宽、穗柄伸出长度、籽粒鞣质含量的变异系数大于40%。17个表型性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数介于0.82～2.14之间，均值为1.76，其中，倒二叶夹角、出苗至抽穗天数、籽粒粗脂肪含量的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均在2以上。相关性分析结果表明：株高与13个性状在0.05、0.01或0.001水平显著相关，籽粒的粗淀粉、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和鞣质含量彼此间在0.01或0.001水平显著相关。聚类分析将319份材料分为5个类群：第Ⅰ类群以来源于中国的材料为主，植株高大且籽粒粗蛋白质含量最高，可用于高蛋白质改良亲本；第Ⅱ类群主要来自中国和美国，株高较高、倒二叶窄小、籽粒鞣质含量高，是创制高鞣质含量的优良亲本；第Ⅲ类群来源广泛，株高适中且千粒质量、籽粒粗淀粉含量最高，是高淀粉品种选育的优良亲本；第Ⅳ类群植株较矮、茎秆粗壮，可用于培育抗倒伏、适宜密植的品种；第Ⅴ类群数量最多，以矮小、生育期短的小穗型高粱为主，适合用于机械化收割的早熟品种育种。主成分分析将17个表型性状简化为6个主成分，累计贡献率为70.417%。综合评价结果表明：P-932149、Tx-89B、F31的综合表现较好；10个性状与综合得分在0.001水平显著相关；并筛选出13个性状，可解释综合得分变异的99.5%。综合分析结果表明：319份高粱材料多样性较丰富，可分为5个类群，分别适用于高蛋白质、高鞣质、高淀粉、抗倒伏密植及宜机械化收割的优质高粱育种；另外，株高、穗宽、穗柄伸出长度、倒二叶长、千粒质量、籽粒粗淀粉含量、籽粒粗脂肪含量、籽粒粗蛋白质含量、籽粒鞣质含量可作为高粱评价的核心指标。

 To improve the utilization efficiency of Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench germplasm resources, 319 S. bicolor materials were taken as research objects, and 17 phenotypic characters were comprehensively evaluated by combining correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, etc. The results show that the coefficients of variation of the 17 phenotypic characters of the test S. bicolor materials are within the range of 2.53%-78.69%, with an average of 27.54%, among which, the coefficients of variation of plant height, spike width, length of spike stalk extension, and tannin content in kernel are greater than 40%. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of the 17 phenotypic characters are within the range of 0.82-2.14, with an average of 1.76, among which, the Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of top second leaf angle, emergence to heading days, and crude fat content in kernel are greater than 2. The correlation analysis result indicates that there are significant correlations at 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001 levels between plant height and 13 characters; contents of crude starch, crude fat, crude protein and tannin in kernel are significantly correlated with each other at 0.01 or 0.001 levels. The 319 materials are divided into five groups via cluster analysis. Group Ⅰ is dominated by Chinese materials, with high plant height and the highest crude protein content in kernel, so these materials can be used as parents for highprotein improvement; group Ⅱ primarily originates from China and America, with relatively high plant height, narrow and small top second leaf, and high tannin content in kernel, which are excellent parents for developing hightannin content; group Ⅲ has diverse origins, with moderate plant height and the highest thousand kernel mass and crude starch content in kernel, serving as an excellent parents for high-starch cultivars breeding; group Ⅳ has relatively short plant height and thick stems, which can be used for breeding lodging-resistant and dense-planting-tolerant cultivars; group Ⅴ has the largest number, dominated by dwarf S. bicolor with short growth periods and small spikes, ideal for breeding early-maturing cultivars suitable for mechanical harvesting. The principal component analysis simplifies the 17 phenotypic characters into six principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 70.417%. The comprehensive evaluation result indicates that P-932149, Tx-89B and F31 show superior overall performance; 10 characters are significantly correlated with the comprehensive score at  0.001 level; and 13 characters  are selected, which can explain 99.5% of the variation in the comprehensive score. The comprehensive analysis result demonstrates that the diversity of 319 S. bicolor materials is relatively rich, and can be classified into five groups, respectively suitable for breeding high-protein, high-tannin content, high-starch, lodging-resistant/dense-planting, and mechanization-harvesting quality S. bicolor; additionally, plant height, spike width, length of spike stalk extension, top second leaf length,  thousand kernel mass, crude starch content in kernel, crude fat content in kernel, crude protein content in kernel, and tannin content in kernel can serve as the core indicators for S. bicolor evaluation.