黄檗(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)和川黄檗(P. chinense C. K. Schneid.)是中国重要的药用植物，其生长发育与核心药效成分小檗碱的积累受环境因子的显著调控。本研究系统综述了气候-地理、光照、水分、土壤及生物等多维度环境因子对黄檗和川黄檗生长发育进程及小檗碱含量的影响。明确气候-地理因子（海拔、经纬度、降水、温度）和土壤特性（氮素形态、有机质含量）是介导黄檗和川黄檗生长发育的关键调控因子，光强与生物共生网络协同其他次要因子共同作用于小檗碱的积累。揭示干扰黄檗和川黄檗发育进程及小檗碱生物合成的各环境因子之间存在既独立运作又交互协作的关系，且适生环境与小檗碱合成的最优条件存在空间分异。提出优化生态适宜区的仿野生栽培策略，包括菌根化育苗、氮磷钾配比施肥及“环剥再生”技术等，强调近自然林种植模式对提升林分生产力与药用成分积累的协同效应，为黄檗属（Phellodendron Rupr.）濒危资源的生态保护与可持续利用提供理论依据，同时为道地药材品质形成的环境调控机制研究提供多维解析框架。

 Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and P. chinense C. K. Schneid. are important medicinal plants in China, and their growth and development, as well as the accumulation of the core medicinal component berberine, are significantly regulated by environmental factors. This study systematically reviews the effects of multidimensional environmental factors, including climatic-geography, light, water, soil, biology, etc. on the growth and development processes and berberine contents of P. amurense and P. chinense. It is clarified that climatic-geographic factors (altitude, longitude and latitude, precipitation, and temperature) and soil characteristics (nitrogen forms and organic matter content) are key regulatory factors mediating the growth and development of P. amurense and P. chinense, while light intensity and biological symbiotic network, in coordination with other secondary factors, jointly affect the accumulation of berberine. It is revealed that there are both independent functioning and interactive cooperation relationships among the various environmental factors interfering with the developmental processes and berberine biosynthesis in P. amurense and P. chinense, and the optimal conditions for habitat suitability and berberine synthesis exhibit spatial differentiation. A wild-simulated cultivation strategy for optimizing ecologically suitable areas is proposed, including mycorrhizal seedling cultivation, balanced fertilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, “ring-barking regeneration” techniques and so on. The synergistic effects of near-natural forest planting modes on improving stand productivity and medicinal component accumulation are emphasized, which provides a theoretical basis for the ecological conservation and sustainable utilization of endangered Phellodendron Rupr. resources, while offers a multidimensional analytical framework for studying the environmental regulatory mechanisms underlying the quality formation of authentic medicinal materials.