为进一步合理开发利用椴属（Tilia Linn.）植物资源，比较了盛花期不同种（品种）各器官中总多糖、总多酚和总黄酮含量的差异，并分析了不同采收时间南京椴（T. miqueliana Maxim.）各器官中总多糖、总多酚和总黄酮含量的变化。结果显示：椴属植物种（品种）、器官及其交互作用对3种代谢产物含量均有极显著影响（P＜0.01）。总多糖、总多酚和总黄酮含量分别为5.50~26.43、3.65~28.58和1.13~16.03 mg·g^-1，对应的变异系数分别为28.32%~33.07%、49.37%~54.08%和51.99%~56.37%。绝大多数种（品种）的花中总多糖含量高于叶和苞片，所有种（品种）叶和苞片中总黄酮含量显著（P<0.05）高于花。以花为取样部位，南京椴花中总多糖含量最高，紫椴（T. amurensis Rupr.）花中总多酚和总黄酮含量均最高；以叶和苞片为取样部位，‘灰’（‘Grey’）叶和苞片中总多糖、总多酚和总黄酮含量均最高。随着采收时间的推迟，总多糖含量在叶和苞片中呈现相反的变化趋势，总多酚和总黄酮含量在叶和苞片中的变化趋势基本一致。叶中总多糖和总多酚含量均在盛花期后110 d达到最高，苞片中总多糖和总多酚含量均在盛花期后60 d达到最高，叶和苞片中总黄酮含量在盛花期后60 d达到最高。主成分分析和聚类结果显示：总多糖、总多酚和总黄酮含量可作为区分不同器官样品整体差异的关键指标；花部样品偏向多糖积累，而部分叶和苞片样品更偏向多酚与黄酮积累。综合研究结果表明：椴属植物的功能成分开发应采取“分器官、分种（品种）、分时期”的策略。多糖提取优选南京椴花；多酚和黄酮提取优选‘灰’叶和苞片；南京椴资源利用建议盛花期后60 d采苞片用于多酚和黄酮提取，采集叶提取多酚可延后至盛花期后110 d。

 To further rationally develop and utilize Tilia Linn. plant resources, differences in total polysaccharide, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid contents in each organ of different species (cultivars) during full-bloom stage were compared, and changes in these contents in each organ of T. miqueliana Maxim. at different harvesting times were analyzed. The results show that species (cultivars), organs, and their interactions of Tilia plants all have extremely significant  effects (P<0.01) on the contents of the three metabolites. The total polysaccharide, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid contents are 5.50-26.43, 3.65-28.58, and 1.13-16.03 mg·g^-1, respectively, and the corresponding coefficients of variation are 28.32%-33.07%, 49.37%-54.08%, and 51.99%-56.37%, respectively. In most species (cultivars), the total polysaccharide contents are higher in flowers than in leaves and bracts, while in all species (cultivars), the total flavonoid contents are significantly (P<0.05) higher in leaves and bracts than in flowers. Taking flowers as the sampling part, T. miqueliana flowers have the highest total polysaccharide content, while T. amurensis Rupr. flowers have the highest total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents; taking leaves and bracts as sampling parts, leaves and bracts of ‘Grey’ exhibit the highest contents of total polysaccharides, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids. With the delay of harvesting time, total polysaccharide content shows  opposite variation trends in leaves and bracts, while the changes of total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents are basically the same in leaves and bracts. Total polysaccharide and total polyphenol contents in leaves both peak at 110 d after full-bloom stage, while those in bracts both peak at 60 d after full-bloom stage, and total flavonoid contents in leaves and bracts peak at 60 d after full-bloom stage. The principal component analysis and cluster results show that total polysaccharide, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid contents can be used as key indexes for distinguishing overall differences among different organ samples; flower samples tend to accumulate polysaccharides, whereas some leaf and bract samples tend to accumulate polyphenols and flavonoids. The comprehensive research result suggests that the development of functional components from Tilia plants should adopt a “organ, species (cultivar), and time-specific” strategy. T. miqueliana flowers are optimal for polysaccharide extraction; leaves and bracts of ‘Grey’ are optimal for polyphenol and flavonoid extraction; for T. miqueliana resource utilization, it is recommended to harvest bracts at 60 d after full-bloom stage for polyphenol and flavonoid extraction, while leaf harvesting for polyphenol extraction can be delayed to 110 d after full-bloom stage.