以荔波杜鹃（Rhododendron liboense R. C. Zheng et K. M. Lan）4个天然种群的种实为研究材料，比较不同种群间种实表型性状及种子萌发指标的差异。结果表明：除单果质量、果实体积及种子扁化率外，种群对荔波杜鹃其他11个种实表型性状的影响显著。久安种群果实细短，其单果饱满种子比例最高（76.3%）；水尧种群果实粗短，其种子千粒质量（472.04 mg）和种子大小指数（1.89）最大；西竹种群果实细长，其单果种子数最多（340.4）；木论种群果实短圆，其种子千粒质量最轻（260.43 mg）、单果种子数最少（101.4）。种群内和种群间单果种子数的变异系数均最大，且种群间种实表型性状变异系数的平均值（28.40%）大于种群内种实表型性状变异系数的平均值（24.19%）。14个种实表型性状的平均种群重复力为0.782 2，种群重复力在0.9以上的性状有4个，其中种子千粒质量的种群重复力最高（0.989 6）。水尧种群种子的发芽率（31.8%）和发芽指数（0.99）显著高于（P<0.05）其他种群。研究结果显示：荔波杜鹃的种子千粒质量和种子大小指数可作为预测种子萌发潜力的关键表型指标，筛选具有优良种实表型性状和高萌发能力的种源。

 Taking the fruits and seeds of four natural populations of Rhododendron liboense R. C. Zheng et K. M. Lan as research materials,  the differences in fruit and seed  phenotypic traits and seed germination indexes among different populations were compared. The results show that except for single fruit mass, fruit volume, and seed flatness rate, the effects of population on the other 11  fruit and seed phenotypic traits of R. liboense are significant. The fruits of the Jiu'an population are thin and short, with the highest proportion of plump seeds per fruit (76.3%); the fruits of the Shuiyao population are thick and short, exhibiting the largest 1 000-seed mass (472.04 mg) and seed size index (1.89); the fruits of the Xizhu population are thin and long, containing the largest seed number per fruit (340.4); the fruits of the Mulun population are short and round, with the lightest 1 000-seed mass (260.43 mg) and the lowest seed number per fruit (101.4). The coefficient of variation for the seed number per fruit is the highest both within and among populations, and the average of coefficient of variation for fruit and seed phenotypic traits among populations (28.40%) is greater than that within populations (24.19%). The average population repeatability of the 14  fruit and seed phenotypic traits is 0.782 2, with population repeatability of four traits greater than 0.9, among which 1 000-seed mass has the highest population repeatability (0.989 6). The germination rate (31.8%) and germination index (0.99) of seeds of the Shuiyao population are significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the other populations. It is suggested that 1 000-seed mass and seed size index of R. liboense can serve as key phenotypic indicators for predicting seed germination potential, aiding in the selection of provenances with superior  fruit and seed phenotypic traits and high germination capacity.