基于形态学和分子系统学分析，确定了菊科（Asteraceae）莴苣属（Lactuca Linn.）植物Lactuca alaica Kovalevsk.在中国的新分布记录，并将其中文名拟为阿赖山莴苣。该种的主要形态特征为株高5～15 cm，总苞片边缘暗紫色，花序梗被腺毛。基于nrITS序列构建的最大似然树显示：调查采集的植物样本与NCBI数据库公布的L. alaica聚为一支，自展支持率为100%。该种的质体基因组特征如下：总长度152 759 bp，呈现典型的四分结构，含131个基因，包括86个蛋白质编码基因、8个rRNA基因和37个tRNA基因。该新记录种的发现，为中国高等植物增添了新的种质资源，并为进一步解析中亚植物区系的迁移路径提供了新资料。

 Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, Lactuca alaica Kovalevsk., a species of the genus Lactuca Linn. in Asteraceae, was identified as a new distribution record in China, and proposed a Chinese name. The main morphological characteristics of this species include a height of 5-15 cm, involucral bracts with dark purple margins and peduncles covered with glandular hairs. The maximum likelihood tree constructed on the basis of nrITS sequences shows that the plant sample collected during the survey clusters with L. alaica published in the NCBI database with a bootstrap support rate of 100%. The characteristics of its plastome are as follows: a total length of 152 759 bp, exhibiting a typical quadripartite structure, and containing 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The discovery of this newly recorded species adds new germplasm resources to the higher plants of China, and provides new information for further elucidating the migration routes of the Central Asian flora.