为探究呈岛屿间断分布的中国特有种油叶柯〔Lithocarpus konishii (Hayata) Hayata〕的群落结构、区系特征及多样性，在其分布区广东担杆岛、香港及海南文昌设置13个典型样地（总面积5 800 m2）并开展群落学调查，分析其群落的物种组成、结构特征、区系特征、物种多样性及类型。结果表明：13个油叶柯样地物种组成丰富，共有维管植物200种（含种下等级，下同），隶属于74科162属，其中海南文昌样地的物种数（140种）远多于香港和广东担杆岛样地。从生活型看，13个油叶柯样地中乔木、灌木、草本和藤本分别有41、85、57和17种，占比分别为20.5%、42.5%、28.5%和8.5%。从地理成分看，13个油叶柯样地植物群落在科和属水平均以泛热带和热带亚洲分布为主，热带性质明显。多样性分析结果显示：油叶柯样地灌木层的物种多样性指数总体高于乔木层和草本层。基于乔木层重要值的聚类分析结果，13个油叶柯样地的植物群落划分为油叶柯+鹅掌柴林〔Form. L. konishii+Heptapleurum heptaphyllum (Linn.) Y. F. Deng〕、台湾相思+油叶柯林（Form. Acacia confusa Merr.+L. konishii）、油叶柯+文昌锥林（Form. L. konishii+Castanopsis wenchangensis G. A. Fu et C. C. Huang）3类，与地理分布相吻合。综上所述，油叶柯群落为具热带特性的常绿阔叶林，但因处于次生演替不稳定阶段，亟需制定针对性保护策略以维持生态系统稳态。

 To investigate the community structure, floristic characteristics, and diversity of Lithocarpus konishii (Hayata) Hayata, a Chinese endemic species with a discontinuous island distribution, 13 typical plots (total area of 5 800 m²) were established in its distribution areas including Dangan Island of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Wenchang of Hainan, a community survey was conducted, and the species composition, structural characteristics, floristic characteristics, species diversity, and  types of the communitites were analyzed. The results show that the 13 L. konishii plots have rich species composition, comprising a total of 200 vascular plant species (including infraspecies, the same below) belonging to 162 genera of 74 families, among which the number of species in the Wenchang of Hainan plot (140 species) is much higher than those in the Hong Kong and Dangan Island of Guangdong plots. In terms of life forms, there are 41, 85, 57, and 17 species of tree, shrub, herb, and vine respectively in 13 L. konishii plots, and the proportions are 20.5%, 42.5%, 28.5%, and 8.5% respectively. In terms of geographical element, the plant communities of the 13 L. konishii plots are predominantly pantropic and tropical Asian distributions at both family and genus levels, indicating distinct tropical characteristics. The diversity analysis result shows that the species diversity indexes of the shrub layer in the L. konishii plots are generally higher than those of the tree and herb layers. Based on cluster analysis result of importance values of the tree layer, the plant communities of the 13 L. konishii plots are classified into three types, namely Form. L. konishii+Heptapleurum heptaphyllum (Linn.) Y. F. Deng, Form. Acacia confusa Merr.+L. konishii, and Form. L. konishii+Castanopsis wenchangensis G. A. Fu et C. C. Huang, which correspond to their geographical distributions. In conclusion, L. konishii communities are evergreen broad-leaved forests with tropical characteristics, but due to its unstable stage of secondary succession, targeted conservation strategies are urgently needed to maintain ecosystem stability.