基于野外群落调查，对分布于江西三清山的国家二级重点保护野生植物华东黄杉（Pseudotsuga gaussenii Flous）群落的多样性及生态位特征进行分析。结果显示：三清山华东黄杉群落共记录维管植物54种，隶属于34科47属，乔木层优势种为华东黄杉、台湾松(Pinus taiwanensis Hayata)和青冈(Quercus glauca Thunb.)，灌木层优势种为玉山竹〔Yushania niitakayamensis (Hayata) P. C. Keng〕和猴头杜鹃(Rhododendron simiarum Hance），草本层优势种不明显。总体上看，结须岩样地乔木层的α多样性指数最高，结须岩和泸泉井样地灌木层的α多样性指数较高，泸泉井样地草本层的α多样性指数较高，玉光亭样地各层次的α多样性指数较低。从β多样性指数看，结须岩样地与玉光亭样地的相异性最高，而泸泉井样地与清都亭样地的相异性最低，群落差异主要由周转组分驱动。华东黄杉群落物种生态位呈现明显分化特征，多数种对间的Pianka指数处于较低水平。综上，三清山华东黄杉群落具有较高的物种多样性，群落构建主要受物种替代过程驱动，生态位分化是维持物种共存的重要机制。

Based on field community surveys, the diversity and niche characteristics of the national second-class key protected wild plant Pseudotsuga gaussenii Flous communities in Sanqing Mountain of Jiangxi Province were analyzed. The results show that a total of 54 vascular plant species are recorded in the P. gaussenii communities in Sanqing Mountain, belonging to 47 genera of 34 families. The dominant species in the arbor layer are P. gaussenii, Pinus taiwanensis Hayata, and Quercus glauca Thunb., the dominant species in the shrub layer are Yushania niitakayamensis (Hayata) P. C. Keng and Rhododendron simiarum Hance, while no obvious dominant species is observed in the herb layer. Overall, the α-diversity indices of the arbor layer are the highest in the Beard Rock plot, the α-diversity indices of the shrub layer are relatively high in the Beard Rock and Luquan Well plots, the α-diversity indices of the herb layer are relatively high in the Luquan Well plot, while the α-diversity indices of all layers in the Yuguang Pavilion plot are relatively low. In terms of β-diversity indices, the Beard Rock and Yuguang Pavilion plots exhibit the highest dissimilarity, while the Luquan Well and Qingdu Pavilion plots show the lowest dissimilarity, and the community differences are primarily driven by the turnover component. The species niches in the P. gaussenii communities exhibit a distinct differentiation pattern, and the Pianka index of most species pairs are relatively low. In conclusion, the P. gaussenii communities in Sanqing Mountain exhibit relatively high species diversity, its community assembly is primarily driven by species turnover processes, and niche differentiation serves as an important mechanism for maintaining species coexistence.